A new species of Tephritis Latreille (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Turkey

Murat Kütük

University of Gaziantep, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey

Corresponding author : E-mail: mkutuk@gantep.edu.tr

ABSTRACT. Tephritis erdemlii n. sp., from Isparta province, Turkey, associated with Cirsium vulgare is described and illustrated. The new species is similar in wing pattern to T. cometa israelis Freidberg, and T. acanthiophilopsis Hering, differing in the details of wing pattern and the conspicuously longer aculeus.

KEY WORDS : Tephritis, new species, Tephritidae, Turkey.

INTRODUCTION

With about 170 species (NORRBOM et al., 1999; KORNEYEV & DIRLBEK, 2000), Tephritis Latreille is the sixth largest genus of Tephritidae and third largest genus in the Tephritinae. Although the genus is known from most zoogeographic regions, the majority of the species (about 120) are Palaearctic. The most complete key to species is HERING (1944), which is outdated. Modern keys to species for several countries are available e.g., WHITE (1988) for Great Britain; FREIDBERG & KUGLER (1989) for Israel and nearby areas; MERZ (1994) for North and Central Europe; WANG (1996) for China, KÜTÜK (2003) for Turkey, but the coverage, especially for west Asia is partial.

Most species of Tephritis infest the flowerheads of Asteraceae hosts, collectively belonging to several tribes, with or without the induction of galls. A few species induce the formation of galls in the upper or subterranean parts of stems of Asteraceae (FREIDBERG, 1984).

In summer 1999, the author collected a series of adults of an uncommon species of the genus Tephritis that infested the flowerheads of Cirsium vulgare (SAVI.TEN.) in Turkey, and which is similar to T. acanthiophilopsis and T. cometa israelis. The new species is described and figured below.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Terminology and morphological interpretations used in this paper follow WHITE et al. (1999). Type specimens are deposited in the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science & Art, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey (GUGT). The possible host plant of the new species was identified by Prof. Şemsettin Civelek (Department of Biology, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey).

Tephritis erdemlii Kütük n. sp.

(Figures 1-5)

Type Materials

Holotype: G, Turkey: Isparta, Yalvaç, Sultan mountain, 38° 16' N, 31° 25' E, 1520 m, 08.VII.1999, on Cirsium vulgare (SAVI.-TEN.) (leg. M. Kütük). Paratypes; 7 FF, 11 GG, same data as holotype, collected on Cirsium vulgare. Additional paratypes; 2 FF, Isparta, Yalvaç, 38° 15' N, 31° 22' E, 1570 m, 11.VI.1999, on C. vulgare; 2 FF, 4 GG, Antalya, Akseki, Göktepe plateau, 37° 40' N, 32° 00' E, 2100 m, 13.VII.1999, on Cirsium vulgare; 2 FF, Isparta, Aksu, Çayır plateau, 37° 47' N, 31° 14' E, 1880 m, 14.VII.1999, on C. vulgare; 2 FF, 2 GG, Isparta, Yenişarbademli, 37° 43' N, 31° 18' E, 1780 m, 27.VI.2000, on C. vulgare. The holotype is in excellent condition, and deposited in the Department of Biology, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey, together with most paratypes.

Description

Head: Mostly yellow to brown; blackish on occiput and ocellar tubercle; first flagellomere red to brown; basal half of arista brown, apical half black; pedicel 0.4

0.5 times as long as first flagellomere and with black setulae; palpus mostly red, brownish at apex; frontofacial angle about 135°; genital seta distinct and whitish.

Thorax: Ground colour predominantly black; microtrichia dark gray, more silvery on scutum; most setae dark brown and acuminate; posterior notopleural seta yellowish and lanceolate; setulae whitish, 13-16 pairs present on margin of scutellum; basal scutellar seta 2 times as long as apical scutellar seta; halter yellow.

Legs: Setulae mostly yellowish, some black; tarsi dark red to brown.

Wing: Venation typical for genus. Vein R₄₊₅ ventrally with 5-8 (usually 6) setulae, on basal section 0-5, (usually 4). Pattern: Basal half mostly hyaline, apical half brown stellate; wide hyaline costal indentation present distal to pterostigma (including apex of pterostigma), ending slightly distal to crossvein R-M and extending to vein R₄₊₅; cell r₁with two additional hyaline areas (3 total) extending to vein R₂₊₃ (Fig. 2) including one near apex of vein R₂₊₃; ultimate section of vein M 3.6 times as long as penultimate section.

Tephritis erdemlii n. sp., Tephritdae, Turkey 133

Figs 1-5. – Tephritis erdemlii n. sp; 1- aculeus, 2- wing, 3- glans (dorsolateral view), 4- epandrium and proctiger (lateral

view), 5- epandrium and surstyli (posterior view).

Female abdomen: Ground colour black; microtrichia dark gray; setulae whitish oviscape dark brown to black,

0.6 times as long as preabdomen; aculeus pointed (Fig. 1), with three pairs of hairs at apex.

Male abdomen: Epandrium (Figs 4; 5) yellow to brown; proctiger pale yellow with brown setulae (Fig. 5); glans sclerotized brownish and pointed at margin near base (Fig. 3).

Measurements (length in mm): Female body 5.8-7.7, wing 4.2-5.4; Male: body 4.7-5.4; wing 4.0-4.8.

Comparative notes

The new species is similar to Tephritis. acanthiphilopsis Hering from Turkey, and to T. cometa israelis (Loew), known from Greece, Syria and Israel, sharing with them similar wing patterns (basal half mostly hyaline, apical

134 Murat Kütük

half brown stellate, wide hyaline costal indentation present beyond pterostigma, including apex of pterostigma).

T. acanthiophilopsis has a similar wing pattern but the hyaline areas are more restricted, including the large hyaline costal indentation, which often does not extend to vein R₄₊₅ and is often divided into anterior and posterior, rounded spots, the two other hyaline spots usually not extending to vein R₂₊₃; oviscape 0.4 times as long as pre-abdomen, length of female specimens less than 5.4 mm.

T. cometa israelis has similar wing pattern but only one hyaline spot extending to vein R₂₊₃, two other hyaline areas not extending to vein R₂₊₃ in cell r₁, oviscape 0.3 times as long as preabdomen, length of female specimens less than 4.5 mm. The new species differs from both species by the hyaline spots of the wing (three hyaline spots extending to or crossing vein R₂₊₃ in cell r₁), oviscape 0.6 times as long as preabdomen, length of female specimens more than 5.8 (5.8-7.7) mm.

T. seperata is similar to the new species in having three hyaline spots extending to vein R₂₊₃ in the cell r₁ but has three round hyaline spots present anterior of vein R-M in cell br (only one round hyaline spot present anterior of vein R-M in T. erdemlii.

All compared species are apparently associated with different host plants: T. cometa israelis - with Cirsium gaillardotii (FREIDBERG & KUGLER, 1989), T. acanthiophilopsis - with unknown host (HENDEL, 1927) Replace by: Cirsium tuberosum (A. Freidberg, pers. comm.). T. erdemlii n. sp. is believed to feed in the flower heads of Cirsium vulgare (Asteraceae).

Etymology

This species is named after Prof. Ümit Erdemli, a friend and excellent hydrobiologist, who has contributed much to the study of Pisces and Crustaceae in Turkey.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Dr. Amnon Freidberg (Tel Aviv University, Department of Zology, Tel Aviv, Israel) for reviewing the manuscript. We are grateful to Prof. Şemsettin Civelek (University of Fırat, Department of Biology, Elazığ, Turkey), who determined the host plant of the new species. This study was supported by the TUBITAK (project number: TBGA-1709, 1999) and İnönü University Project of Research Foundation (project number: 20043).

REFERENCES

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Received: July 26, 2006 Accepted: April 16, 2008