Firstly, the scientists want to understand how the physical characteristics of the sea ice shape the sea ice habitat. Particular attention will focus on the optical characteristics of the sea ice and how light that passes through the ice gives the algae the necessary energy to develop and to form the basis of the variety of fauna found beneath the sea ice. Organisms found on the water surface and just beneath the ice will be sampled using a SUIT net (Surface and UnderIce Trawl). This net was developed by the Dutch partners and has already been used successfully on several occasions. The net is also fitted with a set of sensors to make biological and environmental readings.

To investigate the composition of species communities at greater depths, a multi-RMT-net (Rectangular Midwater trawl) and echo sounder will be used. A multi-RMT is a combination of three nets opened separately from the vessel and then closed again so that samples can be taken from different depths. The echo sounder is incorporated at the bottom of the ship’s hull and sends sound signals to the seabed. Objects or animals reflect the signal back and it is received by the ship. By measuring the difference in time it takes for the sound signal to be sent back to the vessel, scientists are able to form a picture of how the zooplankton and fish are distributed in the water at depths of between 0 and 1,000 metres. The number of flying and swimming birds and marine mammals such as seals and whales will be counted.

Anton’s task is to see how the data they collect can be effectively compiled. In this way, in the future it will be possible to easily exchange the data with other researchers using the Antarctic biodiversity portal, for example.